Multituberculates and Carpolestes
Carpolestes provides clues to the origin of the Multituberculata
(Figs 1, ) in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2336 taxa, subset Fig 3).
A smaller but smaller taxon,
Filikomys (Fig 1) nests at the base of the Multituberculata.
Figure 1. Carpolestes compared to scale with Filikomys, a multituberculate. Note the the large lower premolar in both.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/filikomys-primaevus-recon588.jpg?w=133″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/filikomys-primaevus-recon588.jpg?w=454″ class=”size-full wp-image-91380″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/filikomys-primaevus-recon588.jpg” alt=”Figure 1. Carpolestes compared to scale with Filikomys, a multituberculate. Note the the large lower premolar in both. ” width=”584″ height=”1318″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/filikomys-primaevus-recon588.jpg?w=584&h=1318 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/filikomys-primaevus-recon588.jpg?w=66&h=150 66w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/filikomys-primaevus-recon588.jpg?w=133&h=300 133w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/filikomys-primaevus-recon588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. Carpolestes compared to scale with Filikomys, a multituberculate. Note the the large lower premolar in both. Note the phylogenetic miniaturization. Neotony produced the reversal of the middle ear bones back into posterior jaw bones. This transformation can be seen in the ontogeny of marsupial embryos.
Phylogenetically prior to Carpolestes
there’s Microsyops, a traditional plesiadapiform, confirmed by the LRT.
Figure 2. Microsyops compared to scale with Carpolestes and Brachyerix. Phylogenetic miniaturization is present here at the origin of the clade Multituberculata.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/microsyops588-1.jpg?w=111″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/microsyops588-1.jpg?w=380″ class=”size-full wp-image-91390″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/microsyops588-1.jpg” alt=”Figure 2. Microsyops compared to scale with Carpolestes and Brachyerix. Phylogenetic miniaturization is present here at the origin of the clade Multituberculata.” width=”584″ height=”1573″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/microsyops588-1.jpg?w=584&h=1573 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/microsyops588-1.jpg?w=56&h=150 56w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/microsyops588-1.jpg?w=111&h=300 111w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/microsyops588-1.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 2. Microsyops compared to scale with Carpolestes and Brachyerix. Phylogenetic miniaturization is present here at the origin of the clade Multituberculata.
Neotony produced
the reversal of the middle ear bones (Fig 3) back into posterior jaw bones during phylogenetic miniaturization. This transformation can be seen by recapitulation in the ontogeny of mouse embryos according to Anthwal and Tucker 2023.
Figure 5. Jeholobaatar images from Wang, Meng and Weng 2019. Rat ear bones photo from Li, Gao, Ding and Salvi 2015. Correction label added here. The rat middle ear, no surprise, is phylogenetically similar to that of the multituberculates, Jeholbaatar and Arboroharamiya.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jeholbaatar-ear-diagram2.gif?w=225″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jeholbaatar-ear-diagram2.gif?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-40948″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jeholbaatar-ear-diagram2.gif” alt=”Figure 5. Jeholobaatar images from Wang, Meng and Weng 2019. Rat ear bones photo from Li, Gao, Ding and Salvi 2015. Correction label added here. The rat middle ear, no surprise, is phylogenetically similar to that of the multituberculates, Jeholbaatar and Arboroharamiya.” width=”584″ height=”779″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jeholbaatar-ear-diagram2.gif?w=584&h=779 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jeholbaatar-ear-diagram2.gif?w=113&h=150 113w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jeholbaatar-ear-diagram2.gif?w=225&h=300 225w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/jeholbaatar-ear-diagram2.gif 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 5. Jeholobaatar images from Wang, Meng and Weng 2019. Rat ear bones photo from Li, Gao, Ding and Salvi 2015. Correction label added here. The rat middle ear, no surprise, is phylogenetically similar to that of the multituberculates, Jeholbaatar and Arboroharamiya.
In the LRT Microsyops is derived from Labidolemur
and ancestor to the ‘maruspial lions’, Wakaleo and Thylacoleo.
Figure 4. Plesiadapis skeleton and skull data. Note the gnawing incisors on this taxon basal to Rodentia, not Primates.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=300″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=584″ class=”size-full wp-image-61992″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/plesiadapis588.jpg” alt=”Figure 4. Plesiadapis skeleton and skull data. Note the gnawing incisors on this taxon basal to Rodentia, not Primates.” width=”584″ height=”566″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=584&h=566 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=150&h=145 150w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/plesiadapis588.jpg?w=300&h=291 300w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/plesiadapis588.jpg 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 4. Plesiadapis skeleton and skull data. Note the gnawing incisors on this taxon basal to Rodentia, not Primates.
Plesiadapis is basal to the gnawing clade Glires.
Rodents are derived members of Glires.
References
Anthwal N and Tucker AS 2023. Evolution and development of the mammalian jaw joint: Making a novel structure. Evolution & Development 25 (1), 3-14,
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2025/02/04/multituberculates-and-carpolestes/
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