Trump's (Un)strategic Crypto Reserve

President Donald Trump on March 2 announced the creation of a strategic crypto reserve to include bitcoin, ethereum, XRP, solana, and cardano. Trump says that the “Crypto Reserve will elevate this critical industry” and “make sure the U.S. is the Crypto Capital of the World.” It’s unclear how subsidizing demand for cryptocurrency would make the industry more innovative.

The details of what a crypto reserve would look like are scant. Nic Carter, co-founder of Castle Island Ventures, a venture capital firm investing in blockchain startups, and a former crypto-asset analyst for Fidelity, spoke to Reason about how it could function. Carter doubts the reserve will be created with monetary intent, i.e., to peg the U.S. dollar to a commodity like bitcoin, which has a “low issuance rate [and] a very predictable supply schedule.” Establishing such a crypto reserve, as Sen. Cynthia Lummis (R–Wyo.) suggests in her Boosting Innovation, Technology and Competitiveness through Optimized Investment Nationwide (BITCOIN) Act, which was introduced in the last session of Congress, would “basically signal that we’re considering a…soft default,” says Carter: “Interest rates would spike dramatically as investors in U.S. debt would start to wonder if the US was considering a hard break” from the current international monetary system, he explained in Bitcoin Magazine in December 2024. No such leading indicators of macroeconomic mayhem have been observed yet.

Carter anticipates that nothing will ultimately come of the president’s announcement. Trump campaigned on a crypto stockpile, which would consist of bitcoin already seized and held by the Treasury; he did not campaign on acquiring billions of dollars’ worth of cryptocurrencies, which the BITCOIN Act would do. The optics of such an acquisition are also unfavorable: Crypto firms spent “at least $10 million into the Trump inaugural fund,” according to Politico. Industry super PACs and wealthy individuals also spent millions of dollars to support the Trump campaign this past election cycle, per CNN.

Economist Peter C. Earle, the director of economics and economic freedom at the American Institute for Economic Research, tells Reason that referring to Trump’s proposal to acquire vast amounts of cryptocurrency as a “strategic reserve” is “misleading first and foremost because traditional strategic reserves…like the strategic petroleum reserve [and] China’s strategic pork reserve are basically…repositories where large amounts of commodities are held [that] serve economic and security functions.” No cryptocurrency serves a security function, and only two, bitcoin and cardano, could plausibly serve the economic role since their supply is algorithmically constrained, explains Earle. Instead, the federal government committing itself to purchasing cryptocurrency would put a “floor under crypto values” and would function as a “sort of soft subsidy.”

If the government wants to encourage innovation in crypto, “buying coins is actually a pretty lousy way of doing that,” says Earle. It is, however, a good way to instantly reward friends with crypto holdings: the price of bitcoin and ethereum rose by 10 percent, XRP by 30 percent, solana by 20 percent, and cardano by 70 percent following Trump’s announcement, reports Al Jazeera. A source at one of the largest institutional-grade crypto prime services firms tells Reason that he hopes Trump “will pump the breaks on the reserve and instead keep working on…rolling back the Biden admin rules that have been holding the industry back.”

Earle also sees the proposal as “effectively the first investment in a sovereign wealth fund,” which the administration directed the secretaries of the Treasury and Commerce to establish in February via executive order. Earle explains that the U.S., unlike Saudi Arabia and Norway, doesn’t need a sovereign wealth fund to diversify investments away from overreliance on oil. Furthermore, Earle cautions that “investments made by an American sovereign wealth fund might be influenced by…who visits the Oval Office” and would likely underperform private investment even absent corruption.

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