Haiti: Displaced Families Grapple with Death ‘from the Inside’ and Out

In the past few months, armed gangs in Haiti have been expanding their reach beyond Port-au-Prince towards the Centre and Artibonite Departments, displacing around 64,000 from those areas, according to UN estimates.

Humanitarian efforts to reach displaced communities have been disrupted by regional insecurity and funding shortages.

“What we’re seeing on the ground is unimaginable. Communities are being displaced daily, and the images of women and children fleeing for their lives with nothing are heartbreaking,” said Wanja Kaaria, the UN World Food Programme’s (WFP) Haiti director.

Attacks beyond the capital

The assassination of Haiti’s President Jovenel Moïse in 2021 triggered widespread gang violence in the capital Port-au-Prince.

Around 85 per cent of the city is now controlled by gangs. Over one million Haitians have been displaced because of this violence.

In recent months, organised crime groups have expanded their attacks into the Centre Department in western Haiti and neighboring Artibonite in northern Haiti.

In late March, one of the gangs attacked Mirebalais, killing at least 15 civilians and leading to a jailbreak of 515 inmates. In late April, gang members attacked the commune of Petite-Rivière in Artibonite, killing dozens and damaging scores of homes.

Other gang attacks have occurred in the suburbs of Port-au-Prince and throughout Centre, including in Hinche, Boucan-Carré and Saut d’Eau.

Navigating humanitarian aid blockages

After these attacks in the Centre and Artibonite Departments, over 64,000 people have been displaced according to estimates from the UN International Organization for Migration (IOM).

“Across Haiti and as we have seen this week in the Centre region especially, children are trapped in a cycle of fear and suffering, reliving the same nightmare day after day. What they need most urgently is an end to the violence,” Geeta Narayan, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) representative in Haiti, said.

As a result of ongoing gang activity and security conditions in the region, local authorities have had to scale back humanitarian aid deliveries. UN Children’s Fund, UNICEF, has cancelled planned field missions.

This is particularly difficult for displaced families who are fully reliant on this aid. Danise, a mother of two, has been displaced many times – first leaving her home in Jérémie, then being deported from the Dominican Republic, next, fleeing violence in Mirebalais before finally settling in Boucan Carré.

“I barely have anything to give [my children],” Danise said. “I always have to wait for food distributions to feed them…I just want to go home.”

© UNICEF/Herold Josep | Dozens of people displaced from the Haitian communes of Mirebalais and Saut-d’Eau attend hygiene awareness sessions in Boucan Carré.

Providing relief to displaced communities

In spite of deteriorating security, UN aid teams are working with local partners and departmental authorities to continue providing resources to displaced civilians.

“[Displaced people have had their] lives upended – entire families struggling to access water, healthcare or adequate shelter.”

The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) “remains engaged alongside local authorities and partners to strengthen humanitarian action, despite limited resources, and continues to advocate for increased support,” Modibo Traore, OCHA’s Head of Office in Haiti, said.

Across the Centre Department, UNICEF has reached 8,500 people with resources, including six mobile clinics.

“We are scaling up our response in the Centre department, providing critical health care, reaching thousands of children with psychosocial support, safe water and access to education where it’s needed most,” Ms. Narayan said.

WFP is also working in the Centre Department to provide hot meals and food kits to displaced communities and has provided assistance to over 13,100 displaced individuals in this region as of early May.

This is the moment to step up. The future of Haiti depends on the actions we take today
– WFP Country Director Wanja Kaaria

“WFP food assistance offers dignity for families now living with little hope. However, funding constraints are impeding us from responding at scale.” Ms Kaaria said.

WFP estimates that it will need $72.4 million over the next 12 months and UNICEF estimates that it will need $1.2 million over the next six months to deal with the ongoing displacements in Haiti’s Centre Department.

“This is the moment to step up. The future of Haiti depends on the actions we take today,” Ms Kaaria said.

Finding dignity through care

In recent days, young Leineda has begun to receive the treatment she needs for malnutrition at the Boucan Carré site.

“I feel happy today because before, we didn’t have any doctors to examine us or understand our pain,” Christiana said. The presence of the doctors brings back a sense of dignity. It helps us.”

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